Although History of Italy is identified in its beginnings with that of the Roman Empire and it seems that it didn't exist he/she swims before, the certain thing is that the Greeks and the etruscos in the century VIII to.C. and the Gauls in the century V had already formed colonies in the costs of the peninsula and of its islands. Previously to them, the terramanara to the north and the vilavonia in the center had already inhabited the Italian floor during the prehistory. Although it is certain that until the unification of the territory for the Romans in the century III to.C. Italy is not able to enter in History with specific weight.

The Roman Empire

The city been founded by the twins that were breastfeeded by a wolf, Rómulo and Remus was extending its territory with the help of bloody wars against the invaders and also among its population's members. At the end of the century III to.C. they controlled the whole peninsula including Sicily. From there the invasion of the neighboring countries began falling Macedonia, Greece, Galia, Cisalpina, Istria, Dalmatia, Sardinia-Corsica, Hispania Citerior and Ulterior, Africa and Asia.

Once completed the expansion, although the wars would be happened during the whole Roman Empire, the domain of the military thing began to it turns shrunk by the fight to get civil rights and a more stable economy through an agrarian reformation that would put an end to the big latifundios. The populace and the gentlemen that came from merchants' families and lessors, united to make in front of the aristocracy. This way, in the year 104 to.C. a reformation of the army was gotten in the one that the civil militiamen could also consent to a part of the booties of war, increasing this way the power of the lowest classes. Later on all the inhabitants of the peninsula were considered Roman citizens and, later, the residents of most of the territories annexed to the Empire would be, also, Roman considered citizens, in fact, several emperors came from the colonies like it is the case of Iberian Trajano.

The following years are a sequence of fights between aristocrats and plebeians to maintain the power up to the 59 to.C., year in which emerges a new figure definitively that the Roman politics in an unquestionable way, Caesar would control. After the murder of this for Bruto, in the 44 to.C. a new period of uncertainty opens up with the fights among those in favor of the republic again and those of the empire, triumphing finally, the low empire Octavio's orders, well-known as Augusto and famous also to have put an end to Cleopatra and Marco Antonio. Augusto gave priority to the senate in front of other magistracies at the same time that it developed the Latin-Roman characteristics.

The End of the Roman Empire

When dying Augusto the big tyrants from Rome they make their appearance like Tiberio, perverse Calígula, stammering Claudio or crazy Nerón and with them and their descendants, the degeneration of the Empire begins and he/she gets ready its fall. Little by little the Christianity goes being secured, mainly in the century III, when it begins to be kept in mind. It is the moment of the big persecutions. The political situation goes of bad in worse, the invasions of the barbarians force to divide the empire being named two emperors, one to control the western and other area the oriental, in turn, the emperors' two assistants are named with césares dignity. The situation was chaotic. It was Constantino who would be able to reunify the Empire again, thank you in good part, to their decision of legalizing the Christianity in 313 d.C. through the celebrated "Ban of Milan." With this emperor's death the situation so much external as interior, already very deteriorated, new divisions of power take place and, the foreign invasions that are able to arrive to the center of Rome, put an end definitively to the Roman Empire in 476 d.C.

The fall of the Empire doesn't suppose the finalization of the wars. Although with the Roman Sacred Empire formed by Charlemagne in 1174 a certain stability it is gotten in the one that the Church, already as state, and the political power they cohabit without big differences, to the emperor's death everything breaks and the fights between church and state don't conclude up to 1122 with the Concordat of Worms.

The Rebirth

With the fall of the feudalism the Italian communes are believed that suppose a deep restructuring of the economy, giving place to the appearance of a social new class: the bourgeoisie. These two components get that an economic and social new structure is secured in the north of the country, while the south remains faithful to the old structures. In 1454 with the Rebirth and thanks to their philosophy a period of stability is possible when being signed a non aggression pact among the biggest, Venice, Florence, the Papal States and Naples. Concluded this period in the one that the arts, the letters and the sciences had a great development, the wars again harass the territory. First and Austrian domain of Spaniards later, they get that a great setback takes place in all the fields although during the XVIII century it is possible to conquer in very concrete areas as Naples and Milan.

Risorgimiento

The Napoleonic period allows the creation of new republics and the disappearance of others as Venice, as well as the Papal States. The resurgence of the absolute monarchies, during the Old Régime, gets the first movements independentistas that acted secretly to appear. Risorgimiento, with a solid base intellectual and good strategists like Garibaldi and Victor Manuel, they gave as fruit the nationalist revolutions of 1848 that although they didn't get their objective, the independence, they sat down the bases and they got the international necessary supports so that starting from 1859, during the Segunda Guerra of Independence, Sicily, Naples and some regions aledañas will be liberated Piedmont that you/they decided to unite creating the New Kingdom of Italy through a plebiscite, completed with the annexation of Rome in 1870.

After II World Guerra

With the government of Giolitti the take off of the country begins this progressive liberal since it developed the agriculture vastly, the industry, besides passing the Law of Universal Vote. With their union to Triple Entente in 1915 and the defeat of the Austrians, it is able to recover Trentino, High Adigio, Trieste, Istria and Zara.

Mussolini's dictatorship, 1922-1945, to part of improving the public works of the country, it didn't serve nothing else that so that Italy entered in Second World War of the losing side. It is not necessary to forget the outstanding work carried out by the partisanos that were against the fascism and who got that the Italian Republic was born, under the government of Gasperi.

Italy became European of full right with its entrance in EEC and the Atlantic Alliance. The different governments that he/she has had up to now have gone by worse moments, I eat for example during the kidnapping of Moorish Aldo in 1978, or improve, like during the government of Sandro Pertini. Scandals, the rulers' relationships with the leaders of the mafia, murdered judges, etc., they contribute to the political current uncertainty of Italy. However, the democratic sense firmly seated in this town, he/she goes finding exits to all the problems getting that it continues strong ago with step in their road the European convergence.